Везде

RAS Global AffairsЛатинская Америка Latinskaia Amerika

  • ISSN (Print) 0044748X
  • ISSN (Online) 3034-557X

Energy cooperation between Germany and Latin American countries. In the con-text of the implementation of the "complementarity" concept

You can
PII
S0044748X25050018-1
DOI
10.31857/S0044748X25050018
Publication type
Status
Published
Authors
Irina N. Novikova
  • Occupation: Doctor of Science, Professor, Department of European Studies
  • Affiliation: St. Petersburg State University
Ilia B. Balashov
  • Occupation: 1<sup>st</sup> academic year master student
  • Affiliation: Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University)
Volume/ Edition
Volume / Issue number 5
Pages
6-21
Abstract
Energy relations between Germany and Latin America in the 2020s are witnessing new developments amidst the prolonged energy crisis in the EU and the multifaceted improvement of the energy industry in Latin America. This study aims to identify the challenges hindering this development. The theoretical basis of this research is formed by the "complementarity" concept and the paradigm of resource nationalism in international political economy. The key finding of this research is the identification of several major factors that hinder rapid development in the energy agenda regarding the relations between Germany and Latin American countries: lack of coherence in energy policy, the interventionist policy of the United States aimed at fragmentation of the region, the value-ideological ideas of the ruling elite of Germany, promoting a radical model of energy transition, without taking into account the historical experience and specifics of energy development in Latin America. The significant outcome of the research is the enhancement of empirical basis for the "complementarity" concept in international energy relations which involve Germany.
Keywords
Германия Латинская Америка энергетика взаимодополняемость нефть газ уголь возобновляемая энергетика
Date of publication
16.09.2025
Year of publication
2025
Number of purchasers
0
Views
26

References

  1. 1. Rotondo F., Perchinunno P., L’Abbate S. et al. Ecological transition and sustainable develop-ment: integrated statistical indicators to support public policies. Scientific Reports. 2022, N 12, pp. 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-23085-0
  2. 2. Dorn F.M. Eine neue Frontier der Dekarbonisierung? Grüner Wasserstoff in Lateinamerika. Grüne Energiewende in Lateinamerika. 2024, N 49, pp. 125-142. DOI: 10.5771/9783748946052125.
  3. 3. Touza L., Alfaro-Pelico R. COP 27 in Sharm El-Sheikh: from climate frustration to radical im-plementation? Real Instituto Elcano. Madrid, 03.11.2022. Available at: https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/blog/cop-27-in-sharm-el-sheikh-from-climate-frustration-to-radical-implementation/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  4. 4. Тайар В.М., Пономарев Е.А. Трансрегиональное сотрудничество Евросоюза с Латинской Америкой: перспективы, возможности, ограничения. Современная Европа. М., 2023, № 6, сс. 110-125. [Tajar V.M., Ponomarev E.A. Transregional'noe sotrudnichestvo Evrosoyuza s Latinskoj Amerikoj: perspektivy, vozmozhnosti, ogranicheniya [Transregional cooperation be-tween the EU and Latin America: prospects, opportunities, limitations]. Sovremennaya Evropa. Moscow, 2023, N 6, pp. 110-125 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.31857/S0201708323060104.
  5. 5. Тайар В.М. Экономические позиции государств Евросоюза в Латинской Америке: опыт Испании и Германии. Латинская Америка. М., 2024, № 10, cс. 34-52 [Tajar V.M. Ekonomicheskie pozicii gosudarstv Evrosoyuza v Latinskoj Amerike: opyt Ispanii i Germanii [Economic positions of the EU states in Latin America: experience of Spain and Germany]. Latinskaya Amerika. Moscow, 2024, N 10, pp. 34-52. DOI: 10.31857/S0044748X24100034.
  6. 6. Hase J., Böttinger K. EU, Lateinamerika & die Karibik – immer noch „natürliche Partner“? Deut-sche Institut für europäische Politik. Berlin, 11.07.2023. Available at: https://iep-berlin.de/de/projekte/deutschland-und-europa/berlinperspectives/eu-celac-beziehung/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  7. 7. Deeg M. Strategieentwicklung von Energieversorgern 2023. Horváth Studien zur Nachhaltig-keit. Stuttgart, 23.01.2024. Available at: https://www.horvath-partners.com/de/media-center/studien/strategieentwicklung-von-energieversorgern-2023 (accessed 19.03.2024).
  8. 8. Ragwitz M. A historical review of promotion strategies for electricity from renewable energy sources in EU countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2011, N 2(15), pp. 1003-1034. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.015.
  9. 9. Schechter P. The Green Economy Is Driving Resource Nationalism in Latin America. Brink & MarshMcLennan Group. New York, 02.02.2022. Available at: https://www.brinknews.com/the-green-economy-is-driving-resource-nationalism-in-latin-america/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  10. 10. Peral L. Global Security in a Multipolar World. Paris, European Union Institute for Security Studies, 2009, 140 p.
  11. 11. Guayo Castiella I., Marmolejo Cervantes M. The recovery of the energy sector after the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between Latin America and the European Union. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law. Mexico, 2022, N 40, pp. 165-181. DOI: 10.1080/02646811.2021.1930710.
  12. 12. Mendoza M. Green distributive politics: Legitimizing green capitalism and environmental protec-tion in Latin America. Geoforum. 2021, N 126, pp. 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.07.012.
  13. 13. Escamilla Garcia P.E., Fernández-Rodríguez E., Jiménez-Castañeda M.E. A Review of the pro-gress and potential of energy generation from renewable sources in Latin America. Latin Ameri-can Research Review, 2023, N 58, pp. 383-402. DOI: 10.1017/lar.2023.15.
  14. 14. Escribano G., Arbeloa I. Why Latin America matters to the EU on energy: diversification, transi-tion partners and new value chains. Real Instituto Elcano. Madrid, 30.03.2023. Available at: https://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/en/analyses/why-latin-america-matters-to-the-eu-on-energy/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  15. 15. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Perspektiven mit Lateinamerika und der Karibik: Gemeinsam für ökologischen Wandel und soziale Gerechtigkeit. Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusam-menarbeit und Entwicklung. Berlin, 12.07.2023. Available at: https://www.bmz.de/resour-ce/blob/163468/positionspapier-lateinamerika-karibik.pdf (accessed 19.03.2024).
  16. 16. Latin America Nanotechnology in Energy Applications Market 2023-2030: Market by Applica-tion, Component, Industry Vertical, and Country Outlook. Trion Market Research. London, 23.11.2022. Available at: https://www.tritonmarketresearch.com/re-ports/latin-america-nanotechnology-in-energy-applications-market#report-overview (accessed 19.03.2024).
  17. 17. In Latam, Peru streaks ahead in LNG race to Europe as Trinidad stumbles. Reuters. 31.05.2023. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/latam-peru-streaks-ahead-lng-race-europe-trinidad-stumbles-2022-05-31/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  18. 18. Germany Imports from Brazil of Crude Oil. Trade Economic. Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/germany/imports/brazil/crude-oil-petroleum-bituminous-minerals (accessed 19.03.2024).
  19. 19. Eni, Repsol wollen Öl-gegen-Schulden-Deal mit Venezuela ausbauen. Market Screener. Frank-furt, 29.08.2023. Available at: https://ch.marketscreener.com/kurs/rohstoff/BRENT-OIL-4948/news/Exklusiv-Eni-Repsol-wollen-Ol-gegen-Schulden-Deal-mit-Venezuela-ausbauen-44721632/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  20. 20. Berg R. Dancing with the Dictator in Caracas. Center for Strategic & International Studies. Washington, 22.03.2022. Available at: https://www.csis.org/analysis/dancing-dictator-caracas (accessed 19.03.2024).
  21. 21. Einfuhr von Steinkohle für Jahre 2018 bis 2022. Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschlands. Available at: https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Branchen-Unternehmen/Energie/Ver-wendung/Tabellen/einfuhr-steinkohle-zeitreihe.html#fussnote-1-121132 (accessed 19.03.2024).
  22. 22. Колумбия заявила о готовности заменить российские энергоресурсы в ЕС. РБК. М., 14.04.2022. [Kolumbiya zayavila o gotovnosti zamenit' rossijskie energoresursy v ES [Columbia declares ready to replace Russian energy sources for the EU]. RBC. Moscow, 14.04.2022. Available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/14/04/2022/62579dd59a79477b7a3fb955 (accessed 15.02.2025).
  23. 23. Уголь, нефть и кокаин: Колумбия подсказывает Германии, как избавиться от топлива из России. Свободная Пресса. М., 14.04.2022. [Ugol', neft' i kokain: Kolumbiya podskazyvaet Germanii, kak izbavit'sya ot topliva iz Rossii. [Coal, oil and cocaine: Columbia hints Germany how to get rid of Russian oil and gas]. Svobodnaya Pressa. Moscow, 14.04.2022. Available at: https://svpressa.ru/economy/article/331376/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  24. 24. Las cinco claves de la reforma tributaria de Petro. EL PAÍS. Madrid, 04.11.2022. Available at: https://elpais.com/america-colombia/2022-11-04/las-cinco-claves-de-la-reforma-tributaria-de-petro (accessed 19.03.2024).
  25. 25. Coal exports from Venezuela. Volza Grow Global. Available at: https://www.volza.com/p/coal/export/export-from-venezuela/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  26. 26. Coal Price in Venezuela. Coal Price Agency. Available at: https://coal-price.com/chart/venezuela.html (accessed 19.03.2024).
  27. 27. European Council of the European Union. EU adopts fifth round of sanctions against Russia over its military aggression against Ukraine. Department of Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. Brussel, 08.04.2022. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/04/08/eu-adopts-fifth-round-of-sanctions-against-russia-over-its-military-aggres-sion-against-ukraine/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  28. 28. German Bank KfW will lend Colombia $203.8m for green energy transition. Saur Energy Inter-national. 26.07.2022. Available at: https://www.saurenergy.com/solar-energy-news/german-bank-kfw-will-lend-colombia-203-8m-for-green-energy-transition (accessed 15.02.2025).
  29. 29. The South America Issue of Germany. Ankara Center for Crisis and Policy Studies. Ankara, 07.02.2023. Available at: https://www.ankasam.org/the-south-america-issue-of-germany/ (ac-cessed 19.03.2024).
  30. 30. Appunn K. What's new in Germany's Renewable Energy Act 2021. Clean Energy Wire. Frank-furt, 23.04.2021. Available at: https://www.cleanenergywire.org/factsheets/whats-new-germanys-renewable-energy-act-2021 (accessed 19.03.2024).
  31. 31. Die Energiewende in Deutschland: Stand der Dinge 2024. Rückblick auf die wesentlichen Ent-wicklungen sowie Ausblick auf 2025. Berlin, Agora Energiewende, 2024, 126 p.
  32. 32. Latin America to play an essential role in the global transition to a more secure and sustainable energy system. International Energy Agency. Paris, 08.11.2023. Available at: https://www.iea.org/news/latin-america-to-play-an-essential-role-in-the-global-transition-to-a-more-secure-and-sustainable-energy-system (accessed 19.03.2024).
  33. 33. La Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina y el Caribe. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). Santiago, Naciones Unidas Editorial, 2022, 197 p.
  34. 34. Sanahuja J. América Latina y la Unión Europea: agendas sociales frente a pugnas geopolíticas. Araucaria. Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofía, Política y Humanidades. Universidad de Sevilla, 2020, N 45(22), pp. 383-403. DOI: 10.12795/araucaria.2020.i45.16.
  35. 35. Webster J., Tobin W. Beijing’s influence on Latin America’s energy mix is growing—especially in renewables. Atlantic Council of the United States of America. Washington, 12.02.2024. Avail-able at: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/beijings-influence-on-latin-americas-energy-mix-is-growing-especially-in-renewables/ (accessed 19.03.2024).
  36. 36. Провал переговоров. Испанская Iberdrola остановила проект электростанции в Мексике. NefteGaz.Ru. М., 25.06.2020. [Proval peregovorov. Ispanskaya Iberdrola ostanovila proekt el-ektrostancii v Meksike [Negotiation failure. Spanish Iberdrola stopped power plant project in Mexico]. NefteGaz.Ru. Moscow, 25.06.2020. Available at: https://neftegaz.ru/news/Alternative-energy/571817-proval-peregovorov-ispanskaya-iberdrola-ostanovila-proekt-elektrostantsii-v-meksike/ (accessed 15.02.2025).
  37. 37. Sanahuja J. La Unión Europea y América Latina en el interregno: autonomía estratégica, pacto verde y recuperación pospandemia. EuroSocial, A Program for Social Cohesion. 30.06.2022. Available at: https://eurosocial.eu/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/UE-ALC-Sanahuja-Eurosocial-2022.pdf (accessed: 19.03.2024).
  38. 38. Euroclima Project. Available at: https://www.euroclima.org/energia (accessed 19.03.2024).
  39. 39. Marston A. Extractivist States: Contesting and Negotiating the “Commodities Consensus” in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Across Latin America. Global Environmental Politics. Boston, 2022, N 22(2), pp. 194–200. DOI: 10.1162/glep_a_00662.
  40. 40. Rio P., Ragwitz M. Handbook on the Economics of Renewable Energy. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024, 496 p.
  41. 41. República del Paraguay. Hidrogeno Verde en Paraguay. Asunción, Ministerio de obras públicas y comunicaciones, Viceministerio de minas y energía, 2021, 67 p. Available at: https://www.ssme.gov.py/vmme/pdf/H2/H2%20Marco_Conceptual_DIGITAL.pdf (accessed 19.03.2024).
  42. 42. Santos T. Regional energy security goes South: Examining energy integration in South America. Energy Research & Social Science. Amsterdam, 2021, N 76, pp. 102-150. DOI: 10.1016/j.erss.2021.102050.
  43. 43. Hinz J. The ties that bind: Geopolitical motivations for economic integration. Review of World Economics, 2022, N 159, pp. 51-100. DOI: 10.1007/S10290022004616.
  44. 44. Botto M. The challenges of economic integration in Latin America: searching for consensus in contexts of globalization. The case of MERCOSUR (1991–2019). Globalizations. Abingdon-on-Thames, 2022, N 19(4), pp. 555-570. DOI: 10.1080/14747731.2021.1962037.
  45. 45. Colombo S., Harrak M., Sartori N. The Future of Natural Gas: Markets and Geopolitics. Rome, Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2024, 239 p.
QR
Translate

Индексирование

Scopus

Scopus

Scopus

Crossref

Scopus

Higher Attestation Commission

At the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Scopus

Scientific Electronic Library