References

Additional sources and materials

1. China science and technology newsletter. 2000. 30 Oct. N 239.
 2. www.reedelectronics.com/ semiconductor/ article/ CA6311117text=china.
 3. Yudintsev V. Ehlektronnaya promyshlennost' Kitaya^ Nastuplenie prodolzhaetsya //
 Ehlektronika. 2001, N 3. S. 73.
 4. Kruglye plastiny iz osobo chistogo monokristallicheskogo kremniya, iz kotorykh izgo
 tavlivayutsya mikroskhemy, vypuskayutsya diametrom 150 mm (6 dyujmov), 200 (8 dyujmov)
 ili 300 mm (12 dyujmov). V khode tekhnologicheskoj obrabotki na plastine formiruetsya
 matritsa iz blokov, soderzhaschikh odinakovye ehlektronnye skhemy. Zatem plastina raz
 rezaetsya po granitsam blokov na chipy. K nim pripaivayutsya kontakty, i kazhdyj chip
 pomeschaetsya v zaschitnyj korpus. V nastoyaschee vremya proizvodstvo na 300mm plasti
 nakh yavlyaetsya obychnym protsessom na predpriyatiyakh veduschikh mirovykh proektirovschi
 kov mikroskhem. Stoimost' stroitel'stva odnoj fabriki po proizvodstvu mikroskhem
 iz 300mm plastin vdvoe vyshe, chem fabriki po proizvodstvu na 200mm, no iz pervykh
 mozhno izgotovit' v 2,5 raza bol'she mikroskhem. Stoimost' stroitel'stva fabriki po
 proizvodstvu mikroskhem sostavlyaet ot 1 do 5 mlrd doll.
 5. Proizvodstvo na fabrike po vypusku mikroskhem kharakterizuetsya dostizhimoj tekh5
 nologicheskoj normoj 5555 minimal'nym rasstoyaniem mezhdu sosednimi ehlementami
 mikroskhemy: 0,35 mkm, 0,25 mkm, 0,18 mkm, 0,13 mkm, 90nm, 65nm, 45nm. (1nm, nanometr
 =10-9 m.). Perekhod, naprimer, na 65nm tekhnologicheskie normy prinosit vpolne opre
 delennuyu ehkonomicheskuyu vygodu, poskol'ku umen'shenie razmerov ehlementa pozvolya
 et raspolagat' na 300mm (ili 200mm) plastine bol'shee kolichestvo chipov, chto sni
 zhaet ikh sebestoimost'.
 6. http://www.digitimes.com. 31 Mar 2008: China introduces tax incentive for sub 0,25
 micron process semiconductor production.
 7. http://www.semiconductor.net/ article/ CA6544126.html?desc=topstory.
 8. Agentstvo Sin'khua. 7 noyab. 2005.
 9. http://pcweek.ru/ ?ID=626869. 28 marta, 2007.
 10. Soglasno ehksportnym federal'nym zakonam SShA amerikanskim proizvoditelyam za
 prescheno prodavat' peredovye tekhnologii i oborudovanie dlya proizvodstva chipov
 KNR. Tak, Kitaj dolgoe vremya ne imel vozmozhnosti priobretat' litograficheskoe
 oborudovanie, rasschitannoe na formirovanie linij shirinoj menee 0,25 mkm.
 11. http://www.ixbt.com/ news/ all/ index.shtml?09/ 60/ 50. 09.11.2007.
 12. Podobnye predpriyatiya imeyutsya tol'ko v SShA, Yaponii, Germanii. Obschemirovye
 moschnosti dostigayut 20 tys. t polikristallov kremniya v god.
 13. http://www.icc.cn/ iccnew/ .
 14. http://www.asmcs.com/ en/ enaaoverview.html.
 15. K otsenochnym kharakteristikam proizvoditel'nosti superkomp'yuterov otnositsya pi
 kovaya proizvoditel'nost', izmeryaemaya v mln operatsij s plavayuschej tochkoj, kotorye
 komp'yuter mozhet vypolnit' za 1 sek.  FLOPS (FLOPS  floating point operations
 per second). Poskol'ku sovremennye komp'yutery obladayut vysokim urovnem skorosti
 vychislenij, rasprostraneny proizvodnye velichiny ot FLOPS, obrazuemye putem
 ispol'zovaniya standartnykh pristavok sistemy SI: megaflops (MFLOPS), gigaflops
 (GFLOPS), teraflops (TFLOPS), petaflops (PFLOPS). Komp'yuter ENIAC, naprimer,
 postroennyj v 1946 g., pri masse 27 t obespechival proizvoditel'nost' v 300 flops.
 Nastol'nyj personal'nyj komp'yuter na baze protsessora Intel Core 2 Duo 2,4 GGts vy
 puska 2006 g.  1,3 Gflops.
 16. China science and technology newsletter. 2006. 10 July, N 444.
 17. Tam zhe. 2004. 30 May, N 368.
 18. Agentstvo Sin'khua. 2005. 14 iyulya.
 19. China science and technology newsletter. 2005. 10 Oct., N 417.
 20. http://cs11.ustc.edu.cn/ detail.php?siteid=562&tplset=deptc1&pid=562&postid=17674&
 catalogid.
 21. http://www.linux.com/ feature/ 119890. China puts hopes in Loongson CPU. By Chen Nan
 Yang. October 31, 2007.
 22. http://english.cas.cn/ news/ detailnewsb.asp?infono=26965.