Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970)

Volodin, Dmitry

doi:10.18254/S207054760017795-1

English

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Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970)

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Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970)

Annotation

PII

S207054760017795-1-

DOI

10.18254/S207054760017795-1

Publication type

Article

Status

Published

Authors

Dmitry Volodin Send message

ORCID: 0000-0002-4252-2435

Occupation: Leading research fellow
Affiliation: Institute for the U.S. and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: Russian Federation, Moscow

Edition

Issue 4

Abstract

The discovery of a giant oil field in Alaska in 1968 sparked great interest in the United States in the Northwest Passage as a possible route for the delivery of Alaska's oil to the more southern states of the United States. In 1969-1970 American oil companies with the support of the U.S. authorities organized two voyages of the tanker Manhattan across these waters to test the viability of this route. Although Canada supported this project and took part in it, but at the same time the Canadian government of P. Trudeau adopted two new laws, which sharply strengthened Canada's control over shipping in the Northwest Passage. In an effort to prevent an open conflict with the United States, Canada did not declare all the waters of the Arctic Archipelago as its internal waters, but made a choice in favor of the so-called functional sovereignty, that is, the ability to exercise a certain set of rights over a specific territory.

Keywords

Canada, Arctic, sovereignty, the Northwest Passage, the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act

Received

27.09.2021

Date of publication

16.12.2021

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1179

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S207054760017795-1-1 Дата внесения правок в статью - 16.12.2021

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GOST	Volodin D. Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970) // Russia and America in the 21st Century. – 2021. – Issue 4. URL: https://rusus.jes.su/s207054760017795-1-1/?version_id=91574. DOI: 10.18254/S207054760017795-1
MLA	Volodin, Dmitry "Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970)." Russia and America in the 21st Century. 4 (2021). DOI: 10.18254/S207054760017795-1
APA	Volodin D. (2021). Canada and the Manhattan Crisis in the Arctic (1968–1970). Russia and America in the 21st Century. no. 4 DOI: 10.18254/S207054760017795-1

References

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2. Dosman E. The Northern Sovereignty Crisis 1968-70 // The Arctic in Question. Ed. by E. Dosman. - Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1976, p. 40; Kirton J., Munton D. The Manhattan Voyages and Their Aftermath // Politics of the Northwest Passage. Ed. by F. Griffith. - Kingston and Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1987, p. 72.

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8. Ibid., p. 213.

9. Ibid., p. 203.

10. Ibid., p. 223.

11. Head I, Trudeau P. The Canadian Way: Shaping Canada's Foreign Policy, 1968-1984. - Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc., 1995, p. 30.

12. Podrobnee o ego rabote v te gody sm.: Volodin D.A. Kanada i problema suvereniteta v Arktike v 1950– 1960-e gody: ot suvereniteta nad sushej k suverenitetu nad morskim prostranstvom // SShA & Kanada: ehkonomika, politika, kul'tura. 2021. № 9. S. 114-126. DOI: 10.31857/S268667300016437-0

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23. Sharp M. A Ship and Sovereignty // The Globe and Mail, 18.09.1969.

24. Ibidem.

25. Burns J. Northwest Passage Area to Be Termed Land in Canada's Bid for Sovereignty // The Globe and Mail, 27.09.1969.

26. Canada. House of Commons Debates. Official Report. 2nd Session. 28th Parliament. Vol. I. - Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, 1970, p. 3.

27. Canada. Votes and Proceedings of the House of Commons. No. 38. 16.12.1969. - Ottawa: The Queen's Printer, 1970, p. 208.

28. Kirkey Ch. The Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Initiatives: Canada's Response to an American Challenge // International Journal of Canadian Studies, Spring 1996, p. 48.

29. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1. Documents on Global Issues, 1969-1972. Doc. No. 367. Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus169-76ve01/367 (accessed 25.09.2021).

30. Ibidem.

31. Documents Concerning Canadian Legislation on Arctic Pollution and Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones // International Legal Materials, May 1970, p. 599.

32. Szulc T. U.S. Rejects Canadians' Claim to Wide Rights in Arctic Seas // The New York Times, 10.04.1970

33. Halloran R. U.S. Seeks International Talks on Maritime Passage in Arctic // The New York Times, 16.04.1970; Documents Concerning Canadian Legislation on Arctic Pollution and Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones // International Legal Materials, May 1970, pp. 605-606.

34. Sm.: Head I., Trudeau P. Op. cit. p. 59.

35. Sm.: Head I., Trudeau P. Op. cit. p. 54.

36. Documents Concerning Canadian Legislation on Arctic Pollution and Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones // International Legal Materials, May 1970, p. 601.

37. Canada's Arctic Claims (Editorial) // The New York Times, 20.04.1970.

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