THE HISTORY OF SWITZERLAND''S REPRESENTING OF U.S. INTERESTS IN CUBA (1961-2015)
Table of contents
Share
QR
Metrics
THE HISTORY OF SWITZERLAND''S REPRESENTING OF U.S. INTERESTS IN CUBA (1961-2015)
Annotation
PII
S0044748X0000616-6-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Edition
Pages
35-48
Abstract
The article provides an analysis of the long-term Swiss «protective power mandate» for the representing of U.S. interests in Cuba (1961-2015). The author examines conditions under which the U.S. entrusted authority to the Swiss Confederation with regard to its own interests in Cuba, and considers the role of the Swiss diplomacy in resolving some disputes between Washington and Havana.
Keywords
Switzerland, good offices, protecting power mandates, foreign policy, U.S. – Cuba relations, the U.S. foreign policy, Cuban foreign policy.
Date of publication
01.05.2017
Number of purchasers
4
Views
1153
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite   Download pdf Download JATS

References



Additional sources and materials


1. The U.S. Department of State: Office of the Historian (DOS: OH). 611.37/1-461 (Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS), 1961-1963 Vol. X, Cuba, January 1961 -September 1962, Document 1. Telegram From the Embassy in Cuba to the Department of State (Washington, 03.I.1961). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v10/d1 (accessed 21.12.2015).
2. T.Fischer. Talking to the Bearded Man: The Swiss mandate to represent US Interests in Cuba, 1961-1977. The Graduate Institute of Geneva. Working Papers in International History and Politics, 2010, № 5, p. 6. -Available at: http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/international_history_politics/shared/working_papers/WPIHP-Fischer.pdf (accessed 29.05.2015).
3. The Swiss Federal Archives (SFA). E1004.1(-)1000/9/642, № 1833. Eventuelle Übernahme der Interessen der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika in Kuba (28.X.1960). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/14974 (accessed 28.05.2015).
4. Liste des intérêts étrangers représentés par la Suisse depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Politorbis, 2006, № 40, s. 53-56. -Available at: https://www.eda.admin.ch/etc/medialib/downloads/edazen/doc/publi.Par.0017.File.tmp/Politorbis_0106.pdf (accessed 19.09.2014).
5. The Swiss Federal Archives E2200.36(-)1976/154/7. Note (Die Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten ersucht die Schweiz, die amerikanischen Interessen auf Kuba zu übernehmen (4.I.1961). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/15005 (accessed 29.05.2015).
6. Department of State: Office of the Historian 611.37/1-461 (FRUS, 1961-1963 Vol. X, Cuba, January 1961-September 1962, Document 7). Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Cuba. (Washington, 03.I.1961). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v10/d7 (accessed 21.12.2015).
7. The Swiss Federal Archives. E2001(E)1976/17/310. Letter (Übernahme der amerikanischen Interessen auf Kuba (19.I.1961)). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/15006 (accessed 30.10.2016).
8. A.A.Fursenko. U kraya propasti. Karibskij krizis 1962 goda. -Zvezda, 1989, № 9, c. 108-131;
9. Kubinskij raketnyj krizis 1962 goda. -Novyj vzglyad na istoriyu SShA: Amerikanskij ezhegodnik za 1992 g., 1992. c. 175-207;
10. Special channels and the settlement of the Cuban missile crisis. -Mezhdunarodnaya nauchnaya konferentsiya «Karibskij krizis 1962 g. v arkhivnykh dokumentakh Rossii, SShA i Kuby: Analiz, itogi, uroki». Moskva, 1994, c. 33-35;
11. Georgij Bol'shakov -svyaznoj Khruscheva s prezidentom Kennedi. -Zvezda, 1997, № 7, s. 161-183;
12. Tajna restorana «Oksidental». -Zvezda, 1998, № 3, s. 131-139;
13. Turetskie rakety v kubinskom krizise. -Rossiya v XIX-XX vv. Sbornik statej k 70-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya R.Sh.Ganelina. SPb, 1998, s. 377-386.;
14. A.Fursenko, T.Naftali. «One Hell of a Gamble». Khrushchev, Castro and Kennedy, 1958-1964. New York, W.W.Norton & Company, 1997;
15. A.A.Fursenko, T.Naftali. Adskaya igra. Sekretnaya istoriya Karibskogo krizisa 1958-1964. M., 1999
16. N.S.Khruschev. Vospominaniya -Khronos. -Available at: http://www.hrono.ru/libris/lib_h/hrush00.php (accessed 15.11.2016).
17. G.Allison. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston, Little, Brown, 1971;
18. R.Garthoff. Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis. Washington, 1989;
19. M.Beschloss. The Crisis Yeais: Kennedy and Khruschev, 1960-1963. New York, 1994.
20. L.V.Scott. Macmillan, Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis: Political, Military and Intelligence Aspects. London, Palgrave Macmillan, 1999;
21. J.Wilson. Launch Pad UK: Britain and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Barnsley, Pen & Sword Books, 2009;
22. L'Europe et la crise de Cuba. Paris, Armand Colin, 1993;
23. N.L.Korsakova. Frantsuzskaya diplomatiya i Kubinskij krizis. M., ROSSPEhN, 2006.
24. T.Fischer. The ICRC and the 1962 Cuban missile crisis. -Available at: https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/287-310_fischer.pdf (accessed 30.10.2016).
25. SFA. E2001(E)1976/17/394. Telegramm № 49 (Der Staatssekretär der Vereinigten Staaten bittet den Schweizer Botschafter, aus eigener Initiative mit Castro Kontakt aufzunehmen (23.X.1962)). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/19007 (accessed 25.03.2016).
26. SFA. E2001E#1976/17#2312*. Telegramm № 554. Urgent (30.IV.1963). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/18933 (accessed 30.05.2015); E2300#1000/716#316*. № 6.1. Mai-Rede des kubanischen Premierministers (04.V.1964). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/ document/30888 (accessed 30.05.2015).
27. SFA. E 5560(D)1996/188/225. Confidentiel. Bulletin d;information № 17/62. La crise de Cuba (23.X.1962). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30211 (accessed 30.05.2015).
28. SFA. E2001E#1978/84#7100*. Letter (Positive Kommentare von einem der wichtigsten Berater des amerikanischen Präsidenten zur schweizerischen Neutralität und den «bons offices». Kritiken werden trotzdem bezüglich des schweizerischen Bankgeheimnisses geäussert, das den Zufluss «schmutzigen» Geldes begünstige (07.III.1962). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/18897 (accessed 30.05.2015).
29. SFA. E2001(E)1976/17/394. Telegramm № 446. IE. (05.XI.1962). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30382 (accessed 31.05.2015); E2003-01(A)1971/90/18. Letter(Ueberführung der Leiche von Major Rudolf Anderson). (07.XI.1962). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30384 (accessed 01.06.2015).
30. SFA. E2001E#1976/17#1452*. Nationalisierung der früheren USA-Kanzlei (29.XI.1963). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30422 (accessed 16.11.2015); E2003-01A#1978/ 47#390*. Nationalisierung der früheren USA-Kanzlei; Stand Jahresende 1963 (09.I.1964). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30978 (accessed 16.11.2015).
31. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1964-1968. Vol. XXXII, Dominican Republic; Cuba; Haiti; Guyana, Document 238). Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Switzerland. (Washington, 08.II.1964). -Available at: htps://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v32/d238 (accessed 21.12.2015).
32. SFA. E2001E#1978/84#4579*. Kubanisch-amerikanischer Fischereizwischenfall (29.II.1964). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30885 (accessed 16.11.2015); E2001E#1978/84#4579*. Notiz über die Geschehnisse am Freitag, den 21. Februar 1964 (25.II.1964). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30886 (accessed 16.11.2015); E2001E#1978/84#4579*. Télégramme № 706 (27.II.1964). - Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30887
33. SFA. E2003-06#1982/68#292*. Kabel № 255/Kabel № 1663-ie (15.V.1970). -Available
34. at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/34500 (accessed 16.11.2015).
35. A.Schlesinger. A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House. Boston, Mariner Books, 2002, pp. 669-673;
36. M.V.Antyasov. Panamerikanizm: ideologiya i politika. M., Mysl', 1981, s. 91-92.
37. L.A.Polyakova. Kuba i ehvolyutsiya organizatsii amerikanskikh gosudarstv. M.: Moskovskij gosudarstvennyj avtomobil'no-dorozhnyj institut (tekhnicheskij universitet), 1999, s. 61-112
38. L.V.Khadorich. Razvitie Organizatsii Amerikanskikh gosudarstv v nachale XXI veka: dis. kand. istor. nauk. S.-Peterburgskij. gos. universitet, Sankt-Peterburg, 2015, s. 164
39. Liste des intérêts étrangers représentés par la Suisse depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. -Politorbis, 2006, № 40, s. 53-56. -Available at: https://www.eda.admin.ch/etc/medialib/downloads/edazen/doc/publi.Par.0017.File.tmp/Politorbis_0106.pdf (accessed 19.09.2014).
40. The «Other» Boatlift: Camarioca, Cuba, 1965//The U.S. Coast Guard: official website. -Available at: http://www.uscg.mil/history/uscghist/camarioca1965.asp (accessed 22.11.2015).
41. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1964-1968. Vol. XXXII, Document 308). Editorial Note. -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v32/d308 (accessed 30.12.2015).
42. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1964-1968. Vol. XXXII, Document 308). Editorial Note. -Availableat: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v32/d308 (accessed 30.12.2015).
43. I.Dunaevskij. V SShA budut sudit' za ugon samoleta 30-letnej davnosti//Rossijskaya gazeta. 07.XI.2013. Available at: http://www.rg.ru/2013/11/07/potts-site.html (accessed 16.02.2016).
44. Abkommen gegen Flugzeugentführungen//Das Eidgenössische Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten. 14.VIII.2015. -Available at: https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/de/home/aktuell/dossiers/alle-dossiers/schweizer-schutzmachtmandate-usa-kuba/abkommengegen-flugzeugentfuehrungen.html (accessed 17.02.2016).
45. SFA. E2200.176(-)1989/77/16. Letter (In einem Treffen mit dem kubanischen Aussenminister bringt der schweizerische Botschafter das Problem der entführten Flugzeuge, die Repatriierungsaktion sowie die Tatsache, dass seit zwei Jahren keine Gefangenenbesuche mehr erlaubt wurden, zur Sprache (28.V.1968). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/33734 (accessed 25.02.2016).
46. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1964-1968. Vol. XXXIV, Energy Diplomacy and Global Issues, Document 298). Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Switzerland. (Washington, 10.VII.1968). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v34/d298(accessed 30.12.2015).
47. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1964-1968. Vol. XXXIV, Document 311). Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Switzerland. (Washington, 11.XII.1968). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v34/d311 (accessed 30.12.2015).
48. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Documents on Global Issues, 1969-1972, Document 128). Telegram 199293 from the Department of State to the Embassy in Switzerland (28.XI.1969). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d128 (accessed 30.12.2015).
49. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 129). Telegram 3810 from the Department of State to the Embassy in Switzerland (09.I.1970). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d129 (accessed 30.12.2015).
50. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 131). Telegram 96818 from the Department of State to the Embassy in Switzerland (19.VI.1970). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d131 (accessed 30.12.2015).
51. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 133). Memorandum from Arnold Nachmanoff of the National Security Council Staff to the President;s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) (Washington, 22.XII.1970). -Availableat: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d133 (accessed 30.12.2015).
52. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 135). Memorandum of Conversation between Secretary Rogers and Swiss Ambassador Schnyder, (Washington, 16.XI.1972). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d135 (accessed 30.12.2015);
53. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 137). Memorandum from Secretary Rogers to President Nixon (Washington, 27.XI.1972). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d137 (accessed 30.12.2015);
54. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 138). Memorandum from the President;s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon (Washington, 03.XII.1972). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d138 (accessed 30.12.2015);
55. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 139). Memorandum from Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Hurwitch) to Secretary of State Rogers (Washington, 12.XII.1972). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d139 (accessed 30.12.2015);
56. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 140). Information Memorandum from Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Meyer) to Secretary of State Rogers (Washington, 21.XII.1972). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d140 (accessed 30.12.2015);
57. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 141). Information Memorandum from Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs (Meyer) and Acting Legal Adviser (Brower) to Secretary of State Rogers (Washington, 25.I.1973). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d141 (accessed 30.12.2015);
58. DOS: OH. (FRUS, 1969-1976. Vol. E-1, Document 142). Memorandum from Serban Vallimarescu of the National Security Council Staff to the President;s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Scowcroft) (Washington, 13.II.1973). -Available at: https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve01/d142 (accessed 30.12.2015).
59. Abkommen gegen Flugzeugentführungen. -Das Eidgenössische Departement für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten der Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. 14.VIII.2015. -Available at: https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/de/home/aktuell/dossiers/alle-dossiers/schweizer-schutzmachtmandate-usa-kuba/abkommen-gegen-flugzeugentfuehrungen.html (accessed 17.02.2016).
60. Eröffnung von Interessenssektionen. -Das Eidgenössische Departement für auswärtigeAngelegenheiten. 04.VIII.2015. -Available at: https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/de/home/aktuell/dossiers/alle-dossiers/schweizer-schutzmachtmandate-usa-kuba/eroeffnung-voninteressenssektionen. html (accessed 17.02.2016).
61. A.Larzelere. The 1980 Cuban Boatlift. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 1989.
62. SFA. E7110#1978/50#2025*. Kuba. Nationalisierungs verhandlungen (07.III.1967). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/32269 (accessed 16.07.2015);
63. J.I.Dominguez. To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba;s Foreign Policy. Sambridge, London, 2011, p. 115;
64. G.Theintz. Diplomatie transatlantique et intérêts économiques: négociations autour de la nationalisation de biens helvétiques à Cuba par le régime castriste, 1960-1967. -Available at: http://www.unil.ch/files/live//sites/hist/files/shared/Seminaires_de_recherches/08-09/Dossier_ Theintz.pdf (accessed 10.11.2016).
65. E2300#1000/716#316*. № 6.1. Mai-Rede des kubanischen Premierministers (04.V.1964). -Available at: http://db.dodis.ch/document/30888 (accessed 17.07.2015).
66. M.Á.Rubín. La Suisse ne fera plus l'intermédiaire entre Washington et La Havane. 20.VII.2015. -Available at: http://www.swissinfo.ch/fre/normalisation-des-relations-usacuba_la-suisse-ne-fera-plus-l-interm%C3%A9diaire-entre-washington-et-la-havane/41549618 (accessed 20.07.2015).
67. V.L.Khejfets, L.S.Khejfets. Kuba: pereosmyslenie roli strany v mirovom soobschestve. -Mirovaya ehkonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya. 2017. T. 67, № 2, s. 96-97

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate